![]() Taking a history of the patient with diplopia. Diplopia after refractive surgery: occurrence and prevention. Neuro-ophthalmologic aspects of aneurysms. The evaluation and treatment of extraocular motility deficits. Occult giant cell arteritis: ocular manifestations. Wernicke encephalopathy and beriberi during total parenteral nutrition attributable to multivitamin infusion shortage. Mandibular and posterior superior alveolar. Transient diplopia as a result of block injections. Ophthalmologic aspects of thyroid-related orbitopathy. Galimberti CA, Versino M, Sartori I, et al. Squints and diplopia seen after brain damage. 138-44.įowler MS, Wade DT, Richardson AJ, et al. Learning to look with one eye: the use of head turn by normals and strabismics. Vertical strabismus after cataract surgery. Corneal aberrations, monocular diplopia, and ghost images: analysis using corneal topographical data. Disturbance of vertical motor muscles of the eyes. Clues in the eye: ocular signs of metabolic and nutritional disorders. Ocular palsies in the absence of other neurological or ocular symptoms: analysis of 105 cases. The use of occluding tinted contact lenses. Wound botulism associated with black tar heroin. Comparing methods of quantifying diplopia. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. Neuroimaging and acute ocular motor mononeuropathies: a prospective study. Use of fracture size and soft tissue herniation on computed tomography to predict diplopia in isolated orbital floor fractures. Shah HA, Shipchandler TZ, Sufyan AS, Nunery WR, Lee HB. Seronegative myasthenia gravis associated with malignant thymoma. Diplopia: a diagnostic challenge with common and rare etiologies. 116(9):1814-7.Īlves M, Miranda A, Narciso MR, Mieiro L, Fonseca T. 2013 Mar 23.įraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT. Quantifying Diplopia with a Questionnaire. Holmes JM, Liebermann L, Hatt SR, Smith SJ, Leske DA. Double vision as a presenting symptom in an ophthalmic casualty department. Diplopia-Related Ambulatory and Emergency Department Visits in the United States, 2003-2012. 164(1):e31-3.ĭe Lott LB, Kerber KA, Lee PP, Brown DL, Burke JF. Persistent vertical diplopia after cataract surgery: a case report. Migliorini R, Fratipietro M, Segnalini A, Arrico L. Unilateral lateral rectus resection for horizontal diplopia in adults with divergence insufficiency. Misalignment of such eyes may result in diplopia. However, when both eyes are located in the front of the head, a greater visual field overlap exists and, thus, a better binocular depth perception, as frequently seen in predators. These animals have less field for binocular vision and less risk for diplopia when one eye becomes misaligned. Eyes located on either side of the head provide a wide visual field but with a less overlapped visual field. Among vertebrates, the potential for diplopia (and for stereoscopic depth perception) depends on where the eyes are located in the head. Unless the visual fields of the eyes overlap, binocular diplopia cannot occur. Horizontal diplopia suggests pathology of the medial or lateral rectus. Vertical diplopia indicates vertical alignment of the images, which usually suggests pathology in the vertical muscles, including superior oblique, inferior oblique, superior rectus, and inferior rectus. Physiologic diplopia is a normal phenomenon depending on the alignment of the ocular axes with the objects of regard (eg, focusing on a finger held close results in distant objects being blurry but double).įurther classification schemes for binocular diplopia include constant versus intermittent and vertical versus horizontal (or oblique) diplopia. Monocular diplopia can be unilateral or bilateral. Monocular diplopia persists in one eye despite covering the other eye and usually can be corrected by using a pinhole. An accurate, clear description of the symptoms (eg, constant or intermittent variable or unchanging at near or at far with one eye or with both eyes horizontal, vertical, or oblique) is critical to appropriate diagnosis and management.īinocular diplopia occurs only when both eyes are open and can be corrected by covering either eye. Diplopia often is the first manifestation of many systemic disorders, especially muscular or neurologic processes. The term diplopia is derived from two Greek words: diplous, meaning double, and ops, meaning eye. Diplopia is the subjective complaint of seeing two images instead of one and is often referred to as double-vision in lay parlance.
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